"A Glimpse At The Seldom Discussed son of Nehru"

It is not only the son of Nehru that people seldom discuss, there are many other matters concerning the Nehrus that have escaped the attention of our people. Such lack of attention is not necessarily a phenomenon that affects the foreigners; it is only the Indians, primarily the Hindus of India, who suffer from such lack of perception. It is our own people who do not know in depth their leaders. That is a shame! We saw how the British got rid of then Prince of Wales, Edward VIII, for reasons of an unacceptable marriage with the twice divorced Wallis woman!

A very common question about the Nehru’s, if asked, inevitably draws a wrong answer or at best, no answer at all, from even the knowledgeable literati of the Indian media, teachers and professors, politicians and ministers, etc.

The question is: "Who was the (paternal) grandfather of Rajiv Roberto Gandhi, son of Indira, daughter of Jawahar Lal Nehru?" And you will not be surprised to hear that most people, including even the Ph.D.s of Indian Universities reply right away that it was Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. People forget that Jawahar was only the maternal grandfather and NOT the paternal grandfather! No one seems to know that Rajiv Roberto's father was Firoz Khan (who had changed his name by an affidavit to avoid arousing attention of the people of India, primarily Hindus) and therefore, the (paternal) grandfather of Rajiv was the father of Firoz. His name was Nawab Khan, a Sunni Moslem who used to supply liquor to the Nehru family.

Kamala Nehru eventually died in Switzerland of tuberculosis after a long bout with the disease. Daughter Indira, who had a totally un-Hindu upbringing was left to herself. The senior aunt, Nan (later Vijaya Lakshmi) was herself running after unhealthy company terminating in an elopement with a Moslem man called Syud Husain. Some say Syud was an illegitimate son of Moti Lal and that was the primary reason for Moti Lal's refusal to agree to the marriage with Syud, for then it would be a marriage between half siblings. There could be no other reason for an agnostic like Moti Lal, whose most intimate friends were all Mohammedans, to have refused his blessing to Nan's wedding with Syud!

Be that as it may, as soon as Kamala Nehru (wife of Jawahar) died, whatever restrictions, real or imaginary there had been, in the way of keeping a check on Jawahar's conduct vis à vis other women, disappeared. The prime minister of India, a widower, started conducting himself absolutely shamelessly. He started running after skirts and saris, gave up all important work connected with the wellbeing of the state of India and her people. Other than looking after the members of his own immediate family, such as promoting Vijay Lakshmi in the UNO, clearing the path of his own daughter to the post of the future prime minister of India, etc. he had no other interests. Huge territories of India were taken over by communist China, once Nehru's good friend; Kashmir was attacked by Islamic Pakistan but he would not care. Weren't there more interesting items to pay attention to? There was Edwina of course but then there were also many more to attend to!

M.O. Mathai, said that a young woman from northern India arrived at the convent a few months ago and gave birth to a baby boy. She refused to divulge her name or give any particulars about herself. She left the convent as soon as she was well enough to move out but left the child behind. She however forgot to take with her a small cloth bundle in which, among other things, several letters in Hindi were found.

"The Mother Superior, who was a foreigner, had the letters examined and was told they were from the Prime Minister. The person who brought the letters surrendered them. But he declined to give his name, or the name of the Mother Superior, or the name and address of the convent. Nehru was told of the facts. He tore off the letters without any emotion reflected in his face. He showed no interest in the child then or later...
Says Mathai:"I made discreet enquiries repeatedly about the boy but failed to get a clue about his whereabouts. Convents in such matters are extremely tightlipped and secretive. Had I succeeded in locating the boy, I would have adopted him. He must have grown up as a Catholic Christian blissfully ignorant of who his father was."
It is quite possible that if the bastard son of Nehru could be located, he and not Indira would have ruled India. Elsewhere, in the same book, Mathai writes:"Some of the great men in the past have been 'bastards'. Confucius and Leonardo da Vinci are classic examples. In modern times we have had Ramsay MacDonald and now Willy Brandt."
However, for those readers who are disappointed in not having Nehru's bastard son as India's ruler, there is nothing to lose. Writes Mathai elsewhere in the same book (pg. 94):"For some inexplicable reason, Nehru allowed the marriage (between Indira and Feroze) to be performed according to Vedic rites in 1942.


"In the autumn of 1948 a young woman from Benares arrived in New Delhi as a sanyasini named Shradha Mata. She was a Sanskrit scholar and well versed in ancient Indian scriptures and mythology. People, including MPs, thronged to her to hear her discourses. One day, S.D. Upadhyaya, Nehru's old employee, brought a letter in Hindi from Shradha Mata about whom he spoke very highly. Nehru gave her an interview in the PM's house. As she departed, I noticed that she was young, shapely and beautiful. Meetings with her became rather frequent, mostly after Nehru finished his work at night. During one of Nehru's visits to Lucknow, Shradha Mata turned up there, and Upadhyaya brought a letter from her as usual. Nehru sent her the reply; and she visited Nehru at midnight. Padmaja was hysterical...
"Suddenly Shradha Mata disappeared. In November 1949 a convent in Bangalore sent a decent-looking religious and intercaste marriage under Vedic rites at that time was not valid in law. To be legal, it had to be a civil marriage. So, strictly under the law, Indira was only a 'concubine' and her children are 'bastards'." So, Rajiv, a 'bastard' by this definition replaced the other 'bastard', the unknown son of Jawahar. However, this incident of secret delivery of Jawahar's bastard son at the convent drastically limited Nehru's personal and prime ministerial freedom. He became overly subservient to the Catholic lobby and the GoI became absolutely powerless in matters concerning the missionary fathers and their vile practices to convert India's poor. However, Nehru had to pay the price too. He died of syphilis.

ibm buying sun ;not so shocking

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BM has opened talks of buying Sun Microsystems, if done it will create an interesting consolidation of the software, server and storage markets.

According to the Wall Street Journal IBM is ready to shell out a price of $6.5bn. Sun is currently capitalised at $3.7bn ($4.97/share), but its share price has persistently fallen since the heady days of the dot com boom and has under-performed that of its computer systems competitors over the last few years, making it a much less expensive purchase now that it would have been three or four years ago.

both being big players in the server, storage and systems software markets,this deal happens to be a big talked about one.

Sun has been hawking itself around the industry recently, looking to be bought, with HP also mentioned as one potential buyyer. If true, this confirms the perception that Sun has been impoverished by CEO Jonathan Schwartz's strategy of moving into open source software and relying for revenue growth on converting Solaris, Java and MySQL developers' into purchasers of Sun's servers, storage and services.

Unfortunately for Sun execs and investors, the free software download conversion rate into revenue dollars has been derisory, with Schwartz having promised soon-come blue revenue skies for what seems like years. Sun has continued to make money but its revenues have under-performed compared to its peers, and the company has been forced to go through rounds of restructuring and staff cuts - the most recent in January - to try and keep costs in balance with revenues.

Activist investor Southeastern Asset Management became Sun's biggest shareholder recently and some of the recent restructuring efforts have been thought to be influenced by this. Schwartz has consistently said he wants to work with this investor to increase shareholder value.

Selling Sun to IBM would give Southeastern Asset Management a profit on its investment and could be what it has been working for all along, and why it ponied up investment dollars in the first place.

There has been widespread industry speculation about Sun's future as analysts and commentators wonder how sustainable has been the board's and investors' faith in the Schwartz-led company and its strategy. But the fit of Sun's vast portfolio of assets into potential purchaser's businesses has always been a problem.

So why would IBM want a company which, at first glance, fits awkwardly into its portfolio of systems and services?
Sun product overview

Sun makes proprietary Sparc RISC servers, x86 servers and has storage and networking hardware, its Open Solaris operating system and allied software, its recently-acquired MySQL open source data base business, the massively popular Java software line, and its services business.

It has its own server chip design business and has persisted with this, in conjunction with Fujitsu, devising a line of multi-core processors to try and keep its servers ahead of the commodity x86 price/performance curve. IBM has its own RISC PowerPC chips which overlaps with Sparc. It's possible that the Sparc chip business will be offloaded to Sun partner Fujitsu, with the Sparc customer base being transitioned to PowerPC or x86 systems.

Sun's servers will overlap with IBM's PowerPc servers, and their users would surely be transitioned to IBM's own kit with the Sparc server line heading to the proprietary server cemetery. This transition will be eased by Solaris running on both Sun and IBM servers.

windows 7

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Microsoft’s new Windows 7 is amazing. It’s super lightweight, slick, and it has a beautiful interface.

Windows 7 has some great new features, too, like drag to maximize Windows to take 50% or more of the screen. It has a cool auto-preview feature on the Taskbar, where if you hover over the Internet Explorer icon, it will show you thumbnails of all the windows you’ve opened, and you can select the one you want to pull up.

I would even go as far as saying that Microsoft Windows 7 is on the verge of offering a better operating system experience than Apple’s latest OS. If Microsoft can get the search feature to work instantly, I think they have a total winner on their hands. There is still the question of how to counter Apple’s iLife; more about that in a moment.

Overall, I would say this is easily the most significant launch in Microsoft’s history. The question is, how significant is significant?

In the past (that is, pre-Vista), people would line up their purchases of new hardware with the launch of a new operating system from Microsoft. We expected that the new software would require much more significant hardware requirements; therefore, it was expected that many people would buy a new computer along with their new OS.

Well, that was the past.

Microsoft’s new OS is so slick that it seems to run better on Windows XP-based machines. In other words, if you have a slow computer, you should try blowing the dust off of it and install Windows 7 on it and see how well it runs; you might be surprised. In my case, I took a new HP Mini, which came installed with Windows XP, dumped XP, and installed Windows 7. The machine runs incredibly fast (albeit the video is still not to my liking) and makes me question the importance of new hardware in Microsoft’s eyes. HP chose Windows XP for the Mini because Windows Vista’s hardware requirements are somewhat insane. If Windows 7 runs faster than Windows XP on lower-end hardware, how well does it run on high-end hardware, and does it matter to most people?

That's the question we're still trying to answer at HP, but it seems fairly clear that the days when people would line up to buy new hardware to go along with a new Microsoft Windows OS are probably over. I simply cannot see how Windows 7 will drive hardware sales. I believe that in order to drive hardware sales, we need to continue to come up with meaningful, slick, innovative designs that our customers will want to purchase at some point. In the meantime, I can see many people lining up to buy a retail version of Windows 7 to install on their current hardware, and that might be enough to keep them going for a while.

What really got me thinking was when I took an old red Envy notebook from back in the day and installed Windows 7 on it without a hitch. I used a couple of Vista drivers to clean it up, and it runs beautifully. It’s a perfect PC for my 6-year-old to putter around on now.

What about Apple’s iLife? So far, Microsoft doesn’t have a clear answer for it. The company’s Live services are meant to answer the Apple iLife solution, but Live is sorely lacking in a number of areas. Even though it now offers things like an easy-to-use Web development program, blogging, and so on, it’s just not as complete or as refined as iLife. I guess we’ll have to wait and see what happens there. I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again; if someone can develop an iLife competitor for the PC, they’ll make millions.

I do believe Microsoft’s new OS could lead to some strong competition for Apple—that is, if everyone involved plays their cards right.

So here are the questions I ask myself;

a) Is the operating system as meaningful as it once was, or will things like Google Android combined with Cloud Computing, Chrome, Google Docs, Windows Live, etc make the OS less significant?

b) Will the OS, especially Windows 7 drive new hardware sales? Two thoughts here; one is Windows 7 is faster than XP, so uhhh you could install 7 on your XP machine and kick ass again... The second thought is Windows 7 does enable new hardware features such as touch, which makes me think new hardware designs might be appealing in many cases...

c) Is a mini notebook with Windows 7 enough for most people?

"After optimizing, GPSworld.com grew Google AdSense revenue 100 percent."

GPSworld.com

is a publication web site of Questex Media Group, a global business-to-business integrated media provider serving a variety of industries - technology, beauty, travel, hospitality, leisure, home entertainment, industrial and specialty services. A major initiative for the company is to deploy a range of enhanced web offerings to complement its well-established, market-leading publications, events, interactive media and integrated marketing services. Questex properties include 23 trade publications, 50 websites, 25 conferences and tradeshows. The company has more than 400 employees in offices throughout North America, South America, Asia and Europe.To succeed in business-to-business marketing, Questex complements traditional print publications and in-person conferences with websites featuring rich content and interactivity. A major advantage for Questex is its ability to implement across delivery channels in an integrated way that reaches extremely targeted markets.
CHALLENGE: Dana Fisher, Group Publisher for Questex Media's technology group, spotted an immediate opportunity to reach highly targeted audiences with spot-on messaging, content and ads on its property www.GPSworld.com, a website for GPS (global positioning satellite) users ranging from the military and construction industry workers to consumers who are outdoors enthusiasts. The site averages 430,000 page views and approximately 115,000 unique visitors per month.To launch the site profitably, Fisher wanted to build revenue by running relevant advertising throughout the GPS World web pages. She knew that contextual advertising using Google AdSenseTM would provide content matching the site, promoting a community feeling and increasing the site's usefulness.
The quote well said by
Troy Peterson
Web Operations Manager:"AdSense has become our standard means of generating immediate revenue as we develop site content and richness."
"It takes time and dollars to move websites into production and build a robust platform for our mainstay advertisers," says Peterson. "AdSense has become our standard means of generating immediate revenue as we develop site content and richness. And once other advertising takes off, AdSense continues to deliver a steady stream of income."
RESULT:Sushko reports that Google AdSense "blew other contextual advertising networks out of the water." Google immediately began filling his ad space efficiently, without fail, and without any effort on his part. He was impressed with the revenues that came streaming in, but even more important for Sushko, his users didn’t realize they were looking at advertisements. "AdSense ads are extremely well targeted and non-invasive to my visitors," says Sushko. "They’re more like supplementary content than ads, which makes them useful for visitors."In addition to running ads on content pages, Sushko runs AdSense ads on his discussion forums, where he notes that the ads are easily visible but do not interfere with the user experience. He optimizes his revenue by ensuring that the ads match the color of the site and by trying out ads in a variety of locations. He notes that adjustments are easy to make and that even small changes can yield a significant increase in daily revenues. He’s now looking forward to running video ads to attract attention and keep users entertained and informed.
For Questex, the AdSense campaign for GPSworld.com is only the beginning. The company is also using AdSense to enhance revenues on other web properties. Fisher says, "The AdSense model makes perfect sense for reaching customers in a cost-effective, unobtrusive and relevant way. Whether we are talking about pest control or computer-aided design, it's a wonderful opportunity for web publishers."

oscar 2009 awards

"Mercedes-Benz HYBRID preparing for U.S. debut this summer"

As we can see that in this fashionable world competetion is upto its most orthodox level,in every field their's a competetion and so is the case with automobiles.Every automobile company wants to satisfy their customers by giving comfort and luxury such that their needs are marked positive throughout,thus by having the view of this competetion "Mercedes is going to launch its S 400 BlueHYBRIDin U.S by this june 2009"
The basic characterisics and features of this hybrid are
1.Mercedes-Benz Talks Batteries, Hybrid and EV Plans: Mercedes-Benz is preparing to transform its flagship S-Class sedan into an "economy" car offering gas mileage comparable to that of the Honda Accord, and that will be only the beginning of the car's fuel consumption makeover, the company promises.
The key change: incorporating a new lithium-ion battery that Mercedes-Benz parent Daimler AG has been developing since the early 1990s.Due largely to technology advances achieved in the last six years, Mercedes-Benz engineers say, the battery is now ready for mass production and will be used first in the S400 BlueHybrid , a new gasoline-electric S-Class sedan slated to go on sale after the summer of 2009.Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHybrid is first production lithium ion hybrid
2.Superior Quality Replacement Parts: Reviving Old Mercedes Benz' Luster:No other name in the automobile industry has ever matched Mercedes Benz' prestige and high reputation. Through the years, Mercedes Benz has always been an icon for luxury and high performance cars and accordingly, every vehicle that carries a Mercedes Benz badge is an explicit representation of what every person desires to drive. It is Mercedes Benz' tradition to build cars of excellent design, outstanding engineering and top quality auto parts to give it users high level of driving satisfaction—a tradition which it had cultivated for more than a century now.if you have ever seen an old model of Mercedes Benz, you need to be extra careful of your car since it is more prone to car problems. No matter how solid its construction is, sooner or later it will wear out. Exterior parts need to be checked as well-hood doors,bumpers may have cracks, dents and holes. Replacing it with new and more stylish parts can also give your car a fresh new look. Finding replacement auto parts for Mercedes used to be a problem since Mercedes Benz is one of those automakers that hardly approve the use of non-OEM replacement parts. Available aftermarket Mercedes Benz Parts offered were usually high in price. catalytic converter, tail lights, wheels, window regulator, grille guards, headlights, mirror, spoiler and radiator. If you want great savings for your Mercedes Benz E-Class Parts, Mercedes Benz C-Class Parts and Mercedes Benz SL-Class Parts, visit Auto Parts Wholesale, the home of top quality automotive parts for various car makes and models, including Mercedes Benz. Auto Parts Wholesale is among the leading suppliers of high quality automotive parts for Mercedes Benz. So don't worry now about restyling, upgrading and improving old Mercedes Benz.
3.Reducing cost of gas with hybrid cars:The first successfully designed, engineered and launched hybrid car was by Ferdinand Porsche all the way back in 1899. How surprisingly long ago it has been since the first hybrid car and only of recent years have we been able to find a way to bring hybrid cars to the home users. With the continual rise in the cost of gasoline, most consumers welcome the new breed of cars in the form of hybrid cars. Hybrid cars use multiple propulsion systems to provide power. It combines the use of gas and also electric to power up the car. Hybrid cars are comparatively smaller than the usual internal combustion engines and have been known to save consumers quite a bit of money every month on gas. One question lingers on...how can a hybrid car save me, the consumer, money? Well, the basic reason is because hybrid cars don't use as much gas as the normal cars we see on the road. When the hybrid car is being driven or in use, they are recharging their batteries. And when the hybrid car is cruising or stationary, it also charges the batteries. Of course, we've heard of the all-electric cars which use nothing but electric which requires one to charge the car up whenever not in use through an external source and we've also heard of the range extending trailer. But if convenience, safety and money are important to you, consider the hybrid car as a complete life saver. Although not completely certified to be so because the hybrid car continues to use gas (which is not environmental friendly), the hybrid car, when compared to the conventional car, is more environmentally-friendly. In fact, the fuel economy advantage provided by hybrid cars is good enough for the US Government because they provide a tax credit of up to $3,400 for owners of hybrid cars. How can a hybrid car save me money? Because the use of self-charging electrical components within the car means that the hybrid car uses less fuel. Because the internal combustion engine in a hybrid car is much smaller than the conventional car. Therefore, it is not only smaller, but it is much lighter and more efficient than any other cars we've known. Because when the car is moving, is idle or stationary or when the car brakes, it is a chance for the batteries to recharge itself. The more electricity it uses from the batteries, the less fuel it uses. Simple and logical.
4.Next hybrid for Mercedes Benz will be a diesel-electric M-Class:Mercedes Benz will launch its first ever hybrid model with the introduction of the all-new S400 BlueHYBRID, a petrol-electric hybrid based on the S-Class sedan, later this year. Its next hybrid, however, will reportedly be a more advanced diesel-electric model based on the M-Class SUV.According to a new report, the M-Class hybrid will go on sale in the second half of the year. The vehicle will feature the same dual-mode hybrid system found in the S400 BlueHYBRID but in the SUV it will be mated with a 3.2L low-emission Bluetec turbodiesel engine and AWD system.
The new Mercedes-Benz E-Class Coupe which will replace the old CLK made its official debut this week and will be revealed to the world at this year’s Geneva Motor Show. The new vehicle will include the following gasoline engine options: a 204bhp turbo 1.8-liter four-pot in the E250 CGI, a 292bhp 3.5-liter V6 in the E350 CGI, and a 388bhp 5.5-liter V8 in the E500.
5.
Mercedes hybrid leads the charge:Mercedes already has a fleet of fuel-cell A-Classes running around in daily use, and this F600 research car has a fuel-cell stack that's 40 per cent smaller, simpler, more efficient, a lot cheaper and more robust in cold temperatures than that one. Which is all good stuff to bring production closer - and Mercedes said at the show it's aiming for 'production maturity' of fuel cells (though not in exactly this vehicle) between 2012 and 2015.The F600 runs with a hybrid-drive system: the fuel cell output is pretty steady, and a battery buffers the supply of electricity to the drive motor as needed: in acceleration fuel cell and battery supply current in tandem, but in gentle cruising or deceleration the motor acts as a generator and recharges the battery. By using a hybrid drive and a lithium-ion battery, total system power peaks at 115bhp. And it's claimed to have a 250-mile range on its compressed hydrogen tanks. The result, says Mercedes, is its first fuel-cell car to be comparable in all important performance measures with a petrol car - even though all we've actually seen is it driving onto the stage at the motor show unveiling.

Antarctic Expedition Prepared Researchers For Mars Project

About half a year before the robotic arm on NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander began digging into soil and subsurface ice of an arctic plain of Mars, six scientists traveled to one of the coldest, driest places on Earth for soil-and-ice studies that would end up aiding analysis of the Mars data.

They used duplicates of some of the Phoenix spacecraft's instruments, plus other methods, in the Antarctic Dry Valleys where breaks in the south polar ice sheet leave windswept rocky terrain exposed. Their two-week expedition, overlapping New Year's Day 2008, was part of the International Polar Year, a multipronged scientific program focused on the Arctic and Antarctic from March 2007 to March 2009.

"We wanted to gain experience with our Phoenix instruments in one of the most Mars-like environments on Earth," said Leslie Tamppari of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. She is the project scientist for Phoenix and principal investigator for the Antarctic Dry Valleys expedition, though pregnancy kept her from making the trip to Antarctica.

Like the Martian plain where Phoenix landed, the Antarctic Dry Valleys have permafrost and experience cycles of expansion and contraction that have formed the terrain into a pattern of polygons slightly higher at the centers than at the edges. Some of the valleys visited by the expedition, such as University Valley, even have Mars-like "dry" permafrost, where the soil above the ice table never warms above freezing. This makes it even more Mars-like than "wet" permafrost in Earth's Arctic and in lower-elevation dry valleys in Antarctica, where ice in the upper layer of soil thaws in the summer.

Antarctic Test of an Instrument for Mars

Beacon Valley in Antarctica provides one of the best sites on Earth for environmental conditions comparable to high-latitude regions of Mars. Like the landing site of NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, Beacon Valley has a water-ice table beneath the surface and dry soil above the ice that rarely, if ever, gets warm enough for ice to melt.

Members of the science team for the Phoenix mission took instruments for Beacon Valley during a three-week expedition in December 2007 and January 2008. The results have helped them understand and interpret results from the Phoenix mission.

In this image, expedition member Doug Ming of NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, uses a field version of an X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument called CheMin, part of the science payload for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission slated for launch in 2011.

Image Credit: NASA "Those upper valleys are the best analog for the Phoenix site," said Peter Smith of the University of Arizona, Tucson, principal investigator for the Phoenix mission. "The soil temperatures are always well below freezing, ice is stable about 15 inches below the surface, and the extreme conditions challenge life forms to the maximum. This is as close as we can get to Martian conditions."

Sam Kounaves of Tufts University, Medford, Mass., took a working copy of the Phoenix lander's wet chemistry laboratory experiment. He collected soil samples from different depths and used that instrument to assess the concentrations of many soluble nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium and potassium. He also used other methods back at his lab to check for the same ingredients and found essentially the same concentrations. "This helps us validate the results from the wet chemistry laboratory, and gives us more confidence in the data we obtained from Mars," Kounaves said.

The wet chemistry laboratory was one of the tools Phoenix carried for investigating whether the permafrost environment on Mars has ever offered a favorable chemical environment for microbial life. It found several soluble soil nutrients in concentrations comparable to fertile soils on Earth. That's one plus for habitability. Other key factors in evaluating the site's habitability include whether the water-ice ever thaws enough to become biologically available, whether the site has a supply of carbon-based chemicals that are building blocks for life, and whether the site has an energy source organisms could use.

Midnight Sunlight on Antarctic Camp

Broad daylight at midnight illuminates a camp of researchers in Antarctica's Beacon Valley in January 2008. Scientists affiliated with NASA Phoenix Mars Lander mission traveled to the site and other Antarctic valleys for studies that aided analysis of data they later got from Mars. They used field versions of instruments on Phoenix, plus other methods, to investigate an environment that, like the Phoenix landing site, has dry soil year-round above an underground layer of water ice.

Phoenix landed on far-northern Mars on May 25, 2008, which was late spring in the northern hemisphere of Mars. For most of the three-month prime mission following the landing, the lander received round-the-clock sunshine. In Antarctica as at the Phoenix site, winter includes a long period with no direct sunshine at all.

Image Credit: NASA Results from the Antarctic expedition are helping the Phoenix team interpret results from some of the spacecraft's tools assessing those other factors, too.

Doug Ming of NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, brought back to Houston soil samples from different depths of about a dozen trenches dug in Antarctic Dry Valleys. Some of the samples will be analyzed in an engineering model of the Mars lander's oven instrument that heats samples and identifies the volatile gases driven off by the heating. This instrument on Phoenix served to study the minerals in the soil and check for carbon-containing organic compounds.

"We've kept the samples frozen and sterile since they were collected," Ming said. The analysis continues.

Phoenix used a fork-like probe, inserted into Martian soil, to study changes in the soil's humidity, electrical and thermal properties. Aaron Zent, of NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., brought one of these thermal and electroconductivity probes to the Antarctic Dry Valleys.

"You have to use the probe in undisturbed soil, not a soil sample that you've dug up," Zent said. "We got some measurements that demonstrated the functionality of the instrument."

The instrument, which was operating at temperatures some 20 Celsius degrees (36 Fahrenheit degrees) warmer than the highest temperatures Phoenix experienced on Mars, also found changes in soil electrical properties that reflected small changes in soil water over the course of the Antarctic day.

Zent is using weather records from the dry valleys, similar to the temperature and humidity data from the conductivity probe, to refine models of the Antarctic and Martian climates and the presence of thin films of unfrozen water in the soil. Soil adjacent to the ice table in the dry permafrost of University Valley does not get warmer than about minus 10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit). That is a warmer temperature than the soil at the Phoenix landing site reaches currently, but would be a closer match to conditions at the Phoenix site a few millions years ago, when the rotation axis of Mars had a greater tilt and the poles got warmer. At such orbital configurations, conditions in the Martian high arctic might closely parallel conditions in Earth's Antarctica.

The expedition included two biologists -- Chris McKay of NASA Ames Research Center, and Susanne Douglas of JPL. Among other studies in the Antarctic Valleys, the team checked whether any microbes live close to the ice in the dry permafrost of University Valley, which had never been done before. The results of these studies, still in review, could add new understanding of the Earth's own extreme environments. If living microbes are found in the dry permafrost, this would bring us one step closer to understanding the potential habitability on Mars.

"There's no other place on Earth that combines the dryness and the coldness of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, a combination that presents a difficult challenge to life," Douglas said.

India honing edge in auto design, R&D software

High-end software like 3D, PLM, and V5 provided by software majors like Dassault Systemes, Siemens and IBM have revolutionised the way new models of vehicles are designed, tested, and manufactured. The advantages of using Indian software talent are obviously in costs. Indian engineering talent is 45 per cent cheaper than an American counterpart.

The savings in time and money gained by using high-end software are also obvious. "We are aware of anything between 25 and 40 per cent savings in time achieved by auto majors when launching a 'concept to manufacture' programme," said Vivek Marwah, country marketing head, Siemens PLM.

In high performance motorsport, where turnaround time is essential, applications like PLM have reduced design time. Toyota Motorsport uses Dassault Systemes' PLM solutions to reduce aerodynamics design time by 80 per cent and achieve the first-physical assembly of the car in only two days, compared to three weeks previously. For an F1 racing team, time saved off the track is crucial.

Costs saved in building and testing models are equally substantial. "Earlier, we used to build 50 vehicles for crash tests. Now after using virtual crash tests, we use only about 40 units," explains Dr Arun Jaura, chief technology officer, Mahindra & Mahindra.

The costs saved in tests like these vary depending upon the skill sets of engineers and the country's regulatory agency requirements. Another testing expert said most new car models launched in Europe now undergo only one physical crash test, while the rest are simulated. The costs of constructing test prototypes can be enormous.

Despite a significant amount of contribution from Indian engineers in the development of models like the Swift, Dzire and SX4, Maruti Suzuki still relies on Suzuki, Japan for training its engineers, though the automaker plans to increase its R&D strength to 1,000 by 2010.

And players like Argentum hope to offer the same in India through its tie-up with France's Dassault Systemes. "Through this tie-up, we hope to train engineers who will produce engineering solutions, and not software people to do the same," said S D Pradhan, CEO, Argentum Engineering Design.

Currently, India enjoys a reputation as a provider of low-end research work that revolve around small cars. The current challenge is to change that perception. "The country has had a reputation for low-end design work. In setting up the Mahindra Research Valley, we would demonstrate to become the epicentre of engineering design and development for high-end work. We have the potential," said Dr Jaura.

India's journey to becoming the world's hub for automobile design and development may not be easy. "Opportunities are plenty, but competition abounds. China, Latin America, East Europe... each one with certain natural advantages," said R Srinivasan, executive vice-president, Avtec, a Hindustan Motors subsidiary.

NASA Successfully Tests First Deep Space Internet

PASADENA,NASA California. has successfully tested the first deep space communications network modeled on the Internet.
Working as part of a NASA-wide team, engineers from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., used software called Disruption-Tolerant Networking, or DTN, to transmit dozens of space images to and from a NASA science spacecraft located about 20 million miles from Earth.

"This is the first step in creating a totally new space communications capability, an interplanetary Internet," said Adrian Hooke, team lead and manager of space-networking architecture, technology and standards at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

NASA and Vint Cerf, a vice president at Google Inc., in Mountain View, Calif., partnered 10 years ago to develop this software protocol. The DTN sends information using a method that differs from the normal Internet's Transmission-Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, communication suite, which Cerf co-designed.

The Interplanetary Internet must be robust to withstand delays, disruptions and disconnections in space. Glitches can happen when a spacecraft moves behind a planet, or when solar storms and long communication delays occur. The delay in sending or receiving data from Mars takes between three-and-a-half to 20 minutes at the speed of light.

Unlike TCP/IP on Earth, the DTN does not assume a continuous end-to-end connection. In its design, if a destination path cannot be found, the data packets are not discarded. Instead, each network node keeps the information as long as necessary until it can communicate safely with another node. This store-and-forward method, similar to basketball players safely passing the ball to the player nearest the basket means information does not get lost when no immediate path to the destination exists. Eventually, the information is delivered to the end user.

"In space today, an operations team must manually schedule each link and generate all the commands to specify which data to send, when to send it, and where to send it," said Leigh Torgerson, manager of the DTN Experiment Operations Center at JPL. "With standardized DTN, this can all be done automatically."

Engineers began a month-long series of DTN demonstrations in October. Data were transmitted using NASA's Deep Space Network in demonstrations occurring twice a week. Engineers use NASA's Epoxi spacecraft as a Mars data-relay orbiter. Epoxi is on a mission to encounter Comet Hartley 2 in two years. There are 10 nodes on this early interplanetary network. One is the Epoxi spacecraft itself and the other nine, which are on the ground at JPL, simulate Mars landers, orbiters and ground mission-operations centers.

This month-long experiment is the first in a series of planned demonstrations to qualify the technology for use on a variety of upcoming space missions. In the next round of testing, a NASA-wide demonstration using new DTN software loaded on board the International Space Station is scheduled to begin next summer.

In the next few years, the Interplanetary Internet could enable many new types of space missions. Complex missions involving multiple landed, mobile and orbiting spacecraft will be far easier to support through the use of the Interplanetary Internet. It also could ensure reliable communications for astronauts on the surface of the moon.

The Deep Impact Networking Experiment is sponsored by the Space Communications and Navigation Office in NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate in Washington. NASA's Science Mission Directorate and Discovery Program in Washington provided experimental access to the Epoxi spacecraft. The Epoxi mission team provided critical support throughout development and operations.

POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS FROM COAL

Coal is a complex macromolecule/polymeric (if sulfur & nitrogen is not taken in
consideration for monomer units) organic rich component, but cannot be used as polymer.
Although free electron are available on the surface of the coal but it does not behave like
conducting polymer or temperature sensor. Importance of high performance engineering
plastics is increasing day by day. The monomer for this is being synthesized in about 16 steps
from single aromatic system/compound. Coal can yield monomer in a single step by its
degradation. Coal has to be suitably choiced for getting specific monomer.
Keywords: Coal; polymeric, Composite, Materials.
3N Nitric acid oxidation of coal introduces nitro groups besides degradation. The
solubilization of oxy coal in acetone enhanced due to the presence of nitro group. The acetone
soluble part of the coal contained carboxylic acid functional groups in large amount i.e.
12.6%. After its interaction with aniline, the percent carboxylic acid functional group
declined from 12.6% to 1.68%. Aniline interacted with carboxylic functional groups in two
steps, in the first step it formed anilide, and then carbonyl oxygen of anilide further interacted
with another molecule of aniline and formed a stable compound which is a composite material
and acts as conducting polymer. Thus for the first time conducting polymer from coal has
been prepared.
Oxidation of coal can reduce the complexity of coal by its degradation and can be
used in preparation of monomers,poly aromatic chemicals, organic conducting polymers,
organic temperature sensors etc. Studies are being done in the field of conducting polymers
such as poly aniline (PANI) and amine functional aniline acetaldehyde condensate (AAC) by
using pure compounds .The objective of the work is to replace metal based conductors (AAC)
by cheaper organic polymeric materials . Most of the researchers in different countries
carried out polymerization of aniline following the same protocol. Polyaniline (PANI) exists
in a variety of forms that differ in chemical and physical properties [1]. The most common
green protonated emeraldine has conductivity on a semiconductor level of the order of
100Scm-1, many orders of magnitude higher than that of common polymers(<10-9Scm-1 ) but
lower than that of typical metals(>104Scm-1 ).
EXPERIMENTALS:
Proximate and Ultimate analyses have been done by standard methods prescribed in BIS [7].
Estimation of functional groups like hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl(-COOH),Carbon methyl have
been done as reported.(ref.8) 10g of Samla coal was taken in a flat bottom flask and to this
added 100 ml of 3N HNO3 solution for oxidation at refluxing temperature for 8 hours. After
completion of the reaction, the solution was filtered with excess of water till it is acid free. Now
the residual part of the treated coal i.e. oxy coal was extracted with acetone as per solvent
extraction procedure. Soluble and insoluble fractions of acetone extracted part were
characterized by proximate & ultimate analyses. Acetone soluble fraction of oxy coal was
treated with aniline for making polymeric adducts as follows. 1.0 gm acetone soluble fraction of
oxy coal and 30 ml of aniline were taken in a flat bottom conical flask in dry condition and then
refluxed for 10 hrs at 700C.

3 common remedies to cure sunburn's

Well today sunburn is a common problem to common masses,everybody wants to cure sunburn and become fair.
• 1. Take a luke warm no-soap shower without rubbing your skin with anything such as a wash rag (which can be rough and aggravate sunburned skin) or a loofah or towel. Just rinse the sweat, lotions, etc. off your skin. Do this for about 10 minutes. Note: If washing hair, be sure not to let shampoo run over sunburn, as this will highly aggravate it. Do not stay in the water longer than this because to much water exposure right after a sunburn will dry out your sunburned skin even more making it even more itchier. But rinsing off the residue is a must as described above in order for sunburn products to work.

• 2. Get out of the shower and "pat" yourself dry with a towel. DO NOT RUB SUNBURNED SKIN WITH A TOWEL!

• 3. Now, this next step you have to be a believer. I ignored my dad for years about this suggestion. Kids never listen to their parents. I am sorry I ignored his suggestion for so many years. (This is the main part of this remedy. It has to be done within 24 hours). Important: I have not tried this remedy on children. So, I only advise this for adults.

If you have a clean spray bottle (like one you buy to put water in for spraying hair or body when sunbathing) fill it up with ordinary every day vinegar. Yes, I said vinegar. You say "I am not spraying that stinky stuff on my body. This woman's nuts." Well, don't shoot it down until you've tried it. Don't be ignorant for years like I was. LOL Believe me. The smell almost totally vanishes from your skin after about an hour. I go to the store without feeling self-conscious about the smell because it's almost undetectable unless someone puts their nose on your skin and sniffs. (And if they do that then they have strange problems.) Spread a towel on the floor/carpet and move any unnecessary objects you don't want sprayed out of the way. (For arm spraying -I usually stand on the towel and lean over the sink). Spray the vinegar on your sunburned parts ONLY. Let it drip and dry. DO NOT RUB! If severely burned spray lightly again on sunburned area after a few minutes. You may pat vinegar after about 5 minutes if still dripping. Usually, the vinegar is dry by 5 minutes or less. After vinegar is dry, you can get dressed. I have never had dried vinegar on my skin damage any of my clothes. Wear comfortable clothes which are not tight or covering sunburned area(s) if possible. The sunburn needs to be exposed to air and not covered. I am telling you, on my skin, this vinegar is a miracle worker. It's a wonder product. Meaning, I wonder how it works so well.
Immediately after applying to my skin, I feel relief. My sunburn does not itch, does not sting, and does not hurt. You may still get joint point from a deeper burn but not on the outside. NO skin pain. Let me just say...my skin is unusually fair and highly sensitive to everything. When I sunburn it feels like poison ivy without the rash. Extremely itchy, lobster red, unstoppable stinging, and very painful. I am extremely light complected. Before this relief was out of the question. Believe me. You don't have to be in miserable sunburn pain anymore! I'll bet not many people have worse skin for burning than me. This works and you have got to try it. Make sure you are not allergic to vinegar or anything in it. I wasn't....amazing. I use distilled white vinegar. After using the vinegar I can go watch TV, tend to my kids, and even sleep well. Wow! For me, this is an absolute solution which I have been doing for about 3 years. If only I would have listened to my dad sooner. I thought I'd be miserable every summer for the rest of my life. I used to get in a bad mood instantly when I got sunburned knowing what I would have to go through, but now I know that I can help my sunburn and feel comfortable. I wear sunscreen on long days in the sun, but if it wears off or I missed a spot and I get burned, or if I go to an unexpected place and don't have my sunscreen with me and I get burned, at least I know relief is around the corner. Although I advise always wearing sunscreen to protect your skin from burning and skin cancer, sometimes you don't have it on hand or with you. I believe the vinegar actually helps heal and repair your skin.

The next step after the initial step above is to apply the vinegar again approximately 4 hours later, or if your skin starts burning again. Results will vary with individual people. After second or third application of vinegar, I suggest a product that goes hand in hand with the vinegar. This is an ever so important part of my remedy. After 3 or 4 coats of vinegar or the next day...whenever stinging stops without using the vinegar (usually the next day), apply Banana Boat Aloe After Sun Lotion. (See my Epinion article on this product called "Not Just For One Use...But 5!") If you are not severly sunburned, after 2 coats of vinegar the stinging should stop. After Sun is never greasy. Applying the After Sun Lotion gives your skin a calm, cooling, refreshing sensation while replenshing your skin with moisture, aloe vera, and vitamin E. This cream colored lotion can be used on all areas of the skin on your body, including the face. After Sun can be purchased at any store having a Health/Beauty section. This lotion can be used as a daily moisturizer also. Apply the After Sun every 4 hours. If done faithfully, according to my experiences, severely lobster-like sunburned skin will NOT peel and be dry. Therefore you keep your tan. For me, 95% of the time I did not peel. Wow! Again, for me, this a truly remarkable accomplishment. I would not spend all this time writing about this remedy if it did not work so well for me. I hope it works for you as well!

While doing the remedy listed above...if I'm extremely sunburned, I also drink 3 full glasses of water over the course of the day since our skin is deprived of so much water when sunburned. I believe this helps also in replenishing lost water to the skin. If it's hard for you to drink that much water at least drink 1 or 2 full glasses.

7 uncommon vehicle design concepts which i like the most

Automobile designs:Well day 2 day this society present over here is modernising& living standard of common masses is also rising 2 an optimum level so 2 fulfil these needs designers design latest vehicles which are quite uncommon.These designs are most liked by me...
1.enigma concept by paul howse
2.iomega concept by joonas vartola
3.concept car by ilaria sacco
4.commended: phoenix concept by sergio loureiro da silva
5.winner: airflow concept by pierre sabas
6.Future cars predictable designs are,commended: noah concept by jung hoon rhee
7.nereus concept by ceri yorath

"COAL CARBONIZATION AT CFRI"

The fossil fuel especially coal is a major energy source. It is converted to differentforms of energy by controlled technologies like coal carbonization, liquificationand hydrocarbonation.
Coal carbonization processes, namely producer gas production
(400 to 500 °C), low temperature carbonization (LTC, 600 to 700 °C) and
high temperature carbonization (HTC 900 to 1100 °C) are employed to produce
coke, tar and gases for different uses.Coke making had been one of the major pursuits of CFRI since inception.
Fundamental research on coal science and the carbonisation process found
its applications in the development and transfer of various technologies
on HTC coke, formed coke, briquettes, soft coke at different point of
time. Keeping in view the gradual depletion of indigenous good
quality coking coal resources , R&D initiatives at CFRI provided the
scientific basis and scope of utilising different type inferior grade coals
as blend components for metallurgical coke making. Application of
the knowledgebase backed by validation tests in pilot plants has
helped in optimising the blend components for various steel plants
utilising both indigenous and imported coals.

"Top Ten Scientists Of India"

1.Dr.R.A.Maselkar-He was director general(Sc.G) of CSIR,and a noble prize winner.
Mission-"To provide scientific industrial R&D that maximises the economic, environmental and societal benefits for the people of India. "
2.Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam-renowned president and scietist(Sc.G) of india and a award winner at NASA.
Mission-nuclear weapons development in india.

3.Dr.H.S.Maiti-
CFRI celebrated its foundation day. Dr. H.S. Maiti, Director(Sc.G), CGCRI delivered lecture on “Fuel Cell- an ecofriendly power generating device”. Prof. B.B. Bhattacharya, Director, ISM also graced the occasion.

Mission-development of indian fuel cell.
4.Dr.Ashok Chandra-Third CEERI Golden Jubilee lecture was delivered by Prof. Ashok Chandra, Chairman, ECIL on `Technology Imperatives of socio-economic development.’
Mission-indian socio economic development.
5.Prof.S.K.Joshi-Prof. S.K. Joshi, former DG,CSIR delivered CSIR foundation day lecture entitled `CSIR: 60 Years Behind and 60 Years Ahead’ at NCL.
Mission-chemical development of india.
6.Prof Goverdhan Mehta-
Director-Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore
Mission-he developed kinetic and mechanistic work studying acid phosphatase and aminoacyl-tRNA synthase.

7.Dr.A.J.Verma-NCL laboratory renowned scientist.
Mission-development of sugar complexes in india
8.Dr.Dhananjay kr.Pandey-Renowned prof.and scientist of iit bhu.
Mission-projects on nano works development.
9.Dr.Abhik Mitra-appointed Managing Director of TNT India.
Mission-India's nano works development.
10.Shree A.R.Singh-Assistant director at CFRI My dad.
Mission-organic&R&Dworks development in india.

"Questions Often Asked By Employers"

"Questions Often Asked By Employers"

1. Tell me about yourself.

2. What are your long-range and short-range career goals and objectives, and how are you preparing to achieve them?

3. Why did you choose your career?

4. What do you consider to be your greatest strengths? Weaknesses?

5. How would you describe yourself? How would you current supervisor describe you?

6. How has your experience prepared you for this position?

7. Why should we hire you?

8. How do you determine or evaluate success?

9. In what ways do you think you can make a contribution to our organization?

10. Describe a situation when you had to use your creativity to the fullest to complete a project.

11. Describe your most rewarding (or difficult) work experience.

12. If you were hiring for this position, what qualities would you look for?

13. What led you to choose this line of work?

14. How do you work under pressure?

15. Describe the ideal job.

16. Why did you decide to seek a position with this organization and what do you know about us?

immunoglobin-a life saving protein

one might think what is it?they may confuse it with haemoglobin but it's not so,immunoglobin is a blood plasma(i.e-white blood cells).it is prepared collecting different samples of blood &amd;then removing the upper coating of red blood cells and then purifying this remaining coating is immunoglobin.well u surprised to know that it costs around 6000/100ml

read more | digg story

A new medicine for g.b.s

As mentioned in my above blog posted about g.b.s,where is an incurable disease only 5% chance of revery is there scientist have dicovered a new medinal drug called "BARITIN". well above mentioned medicine well used in g.b.s treatment.Its a 100% curing natural medicine.steps 4 treatment are:1.keep in cool& dry place.
2.have 15 drops in plain water twice day.
3.curance of virus within sixty days or it vary on
severity of virus condition
4.100%gauranteed of curance
5.major precaution is to keep away from children.
Thus this way this natural medicine will cure g.b.s.

immunoglobin

one might think what is it?they may confuse it with haemoglobin but it's not so,haemoglobin is blood plasma(i.e-white blood cells).it is prepared collecting different samples of blood &then removing the upper coating of red blood cells and then purifying this remaining coating is immunoglobin.well u surprised to know that it costs around 6000/100ml

read more | digg story

G.B.S-A THREAT TO LIFE

hi,
By hearing above topic one must think what is it?how is it threatful to life.well i will be glad to let u all know what is it.
INTRODUCTION-g.b.s stands for gullain barre syndrome, it is a sort of vein infection in which a person loses the normal functioning of few parts of his body parts,it generally affects a persons nervous system thereby decreasing a person's bodies internal strength.
SYMPTOMS-At beginning u will feel little bit of weakness there will be a flow of current like system in your body as if somebody is pricking you when u touch normal water it will seem that u r touching ice,few days after u will fell weakness in your legs and hands.normal reflexes from every part of ur body will b missing.if ur diagnosis is not done earliest nobody can save you,except the mightiest god.
TREATMENT-immediately after diagnosis u will need to consult a good neurologist(dr.amitabh verma)he is dean of asia's neurological section.you will be how do i know this bcoz i was his patient in 2006 affected by same g.b.s.normally recovery from this infection is only 5% i was one to recover completely.a lot of money was spent by my dad(4lakhs).i was vaccinated 5o bottles of immunoglobin of which one boottle costs around 6000/100ml.Though medical treatment cotinued for a year with all sorts of vitamins fiven to me.To cotact my dr.u may visit hauzkhas near iitdelhi&rockland hospital at qutub institutional area.